11/19/2023 0 Comments Ibm spss 21.0![]() Recent studies have explored how individuals with childhood trauma experienced such stressor during the pandemic ( 7, 19– 21). Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become an ongoing and significant stressor for individuals worldwide ( 6). ![]() Moreover, individuals who have been exposed to traumatic events in childhood have been found to have higher levels of fear and stress in response to later stressors ( 18). It has been considered a risk factor contributing to a wide range of psychological difficulties and mental disorders ( 16, 17). Physical and emotional abuse or neglect has been found to lead to emotion dysregulation and cognitive decline ( 14, 15). Different types of childhood trauma have distinct impacts on neuropsychological development ( 13). Childhood trauma includes various types, including physical and emotional abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect ( 12). ![]() For example, a survey among 21 countries by the World Mental Health Initiative recruited 51,945 adults and found approximately 40% of the population had adverse childhood experiences ( 11). Previous studies have documented a relatively high prevalence of childhood trauma in college students ( 9, 10). Importantly, previous studies suggested that individuals with childhood trauma are at higher risk of experiencing more mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 6, 7).Ĭhildhood trauma refers to experiences that are emotionally or physically harmful or distressing, occurring during the developmental period of childhood ( 8). The prevalence of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms has significantly increased during the pandemic ( 2– 5). Apart from the significant challenges to public health, the pandemic has serious impacts on individual’s mental health worldwide ( 1). The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health crisis. Participants with high levels of childhood trauma and participants with low levels of childhood trauma showed comparable network structure and global strength.Ĭonclusion: Our findings revealed a complex network pattern between childhood trauma and different mental health problems, indicating that childhood trauma might be a risk factor for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The node of childhood trauma exhibited the strongest strength and the highest expected influence in the network. Results: Childhood trauma was found to be connected to depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress level. Moreover, network comparison tests were conducted to compare the network patterns between participants with high levels of childhood trauma and low levels of childhood trauma. The partial correlations between nodes were calculated as edges. The Gaussian graphical model with the scores of the questionnaires as nodes was estimated. ![]() Methods: A total of 1,247 college students were recruited and were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Post-traumatic Stress Checklist-Civilian version, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. This study aimed to investigate such complex interplay between childhood trauma, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress level during the COVID-19 pandemic, and fear of COVID-19 using network analysis. However, little is known regarding the intercorrelations between childhood trauma and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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